I use a pre-built boxturtle install for most of ROS, but I checked out
an SVN-based version of "latest" so I could try the fixes.

~/rosinstall ~/ros http://ros.org/rosinstalls/latest_pr2.rosinstall

That actually gets you the latest (unstable) development release of image_pipeline, 1.1.2. You can replace "latest" with "boxturtle", or check out https://code.ros.org/svn/ros-pkg/stacks/image_pipeline/tags/boxturtle directly.

But it sounds like you'll still have trouble with 1.0.1, see below...

I still get an error related to the button sizes, and it looks like
that part of the code is unchanged from the previous version...

I don't know what this problem is, can you be more specific?

I'm pretty sure I have the new file though, because now I had to
comment out the part about "Wait for set_camera_info service at
startup, error if it doesn't become available (#3977)." since I don't
have a service running.

In the development release you checked out you can disable the check with the "--no-service-check" option. I didn't include that option in 1.0.1 because strictly speaking camera_calibration requires the set_camera_info service, but maybe I should relax that requirement.

Due to a problem in the service check code (#3989) I'll have to do a 1.0.2 release, but I'd like to know what your button size error is first.

Cheers,
Patrick